筑人科技:软退信是什么?和硬退信什么区别?
退信(bounce)是指各种原因造成的发件人所发出的信息不能被收件人正常接收的情况。根据邮件被退回的原因,可以分为硬退信(hard bounce)和软退信(soft bounce)两种不同情况。
硬退信(hard bounce):
硬退信主要是指邮件地址已经不存在,无法将邮件内容发送到对应的邮箱中。比如域名不存在过期了,或者用户的邮件地址打错地址,这些都会造成硬退回。
解决硬退信的办法就是仔细检查哪些邮箱有效,哪些无效,将错误或者无效的邮件地址删除掉。
是指下列任何情况之一造成的邮件无法送达:
1·在一个域名中并不存在这样的用户。如nobody@marketingman.net,这个地址并不存在,如果试图向这个邮箱发送邮件,将产生退信;
2·域名不存在。如feng@foreb.com,曾经是我使用过的电子邮箱,后来foreb.com这个域名作废了,因此这个邮箱也就不存在了,自然无法继续接受邮件;
3·邮件信息被拒绝。由于邮件内容中含有某些被认为不能发送的程序或其他信息,邮件将无法被发送。
硬退信的具体英文错误代码显示如下:
1.550 Invalid recipient
2.550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable
3.Host not found
4.No such user
5.User unknown
6.User not found
7.Invalid address
8.Invalid recipient
9.Not a valid mailbox
10.This user doesn't have a yahoo.com account
11.Sorry, no mailbox by that name
12.The account or domain may not exist, they may be blacklisted, or missing the proper dns entries.
软退信(soft bounce):不是因为无效邮箱而导致的退信就称为软退信。
是指 MP (MP:Mailbox Service Provider,是指类似 腾讯邮箱,网易企业邮箱这样的邮箱服务)在成功接收邮件之后,处于各种原因,在稍后时间又将此邮件退回给发信域名,实际结果依然是邮件投递失败。常见的原因有邮箱空间不够、判定为垃圾邮件、收件人拒收、内部错误等等
下列任何情况之一造成的邮件无法送达:
1·由于收件方邮件服务器的原因没有形成反应。这种情形可能是暂时的,也可能会持续一段时间,这期间将形成退信;
2·用户电子邮箱空间没有足够容量接收邮件。邮箱空间已满的情况下会形成退信,如果用户对电子邮箱进行清理,删除部分邮件之后,这个邮箱还有可能正常使用。
3一般来说,硬退信所造成的退信是无法改变的,而软退信则可以采取一些办法在一定程度上得到改善,区分退信的不同原因,目的在于采取针对性措施,尽可能提高电子邮件的送达率。
软退信的具体英文错误代码显示如下:
1.exceeded storage allocation
2.mailbox is full
3.retry timeout exceeded
如果您使用简单邮件传输协议 (SMTP),则与软退回邮件有关的特定错误代码为 421、450、451 或 452
亚马逊官网将软退回邮件或临时退回邮件分为以下子类型:
General:收件人的电子邮件提供商发送的常规临时退回邮件。当收件人设置了“外出”自动回复时,通常会发生这种退信。这种类型的软退回邮件通常会自行修复。如果退回邮件是由“外出”自动回复引起,那么软退回邮件会在收件人取消自动回复后自行解决。
MailboxFull:收件人邮箱已满,没有空间再接收电子邮件。之后,在收件人的邮箱不再为已满状态时,您可能还能向该邮箱发送电子邮件。
MessageTooLarge:由于邮件过大,收件人的电子邮件服务器无法接收电子邮件。您可以通过减小邮件大小来解决这种类型的退回邮件问题。
ContentRejected:收件人的电子邮件服务器不允许电子邮件内容。您可以通过修改电子邮件内容来尝试解决这类退回邮件问题。
AttachmentRejected:电子邮件包含不被接受的附件。有些电子邮件提供程序会阻止包含某些文件类型的附件或较大附件的电子邮件。删除或修改电子邮件附件后,您可以尝试再次将电子邮件发送到此收件人。
下面摘录的是亚马逊对于软退信的英文详细解释
The bounce object contains a bounce type of Undetermined, Permanent, or Transient. The Permanent and Transient bounce types can also contain one of several bounce subtypes.
When you receive a bounce notification with a bounce type of Transient, you might be able to send email to that recipient in the future if the issue that caused the message to bounce is resolved.
When you receive a bounce notification with a bounce type of Permanent, it's unlikely that you'll be able to send email to that recipient in the future. For this reason, you should immediately remove the recipient whose address produced the bounce from your mailing lists.
When a soft bounce (a bounce related to a temporary issue, such as the recipient's inbox being full) occurs, Amazon SES attempts to redeliver the email for a certain period of time. At the end of that period of time, if Amazon SES still can't deliver the email, it stops trying.
Amazon SES provides notifications for hard bounces, and for soft bounces that it stopped trying to deliver. If you want to receive a notification each time a soft bounce occurs, enable event publishing and configure it to send notifications when delivery delay events occur.
bounceType | bounceSubType | Description |
---|---|---|
Undetermined | Undetermined | The recipient's email provider sent a bounce message. The bounce message didn't contain enough information for Amazon SES to determine the reason for the bounce. The bounce email, which was sent to the address in the Return-Path header of the email that resulted in the bounce, might contain additional information about the issue that caused the email to bounce. |
Permanent | General | The recipient's email provider sent a hard bounce message, but didn't specify the reason for the hard bounce. Important When you receive this type of bounce notification, you should immediately remove the recipient's email address from your mailing list. Sending messages to addresses that produce hard bounces can have a negative impact on your reputation as a sender. If you continue sending email to addresses that produce hard bounces, we might pause your ability to send additional email. |
Permanent | NoEmail | The intended recipient's email provider sent a bounce message indicating that the email address doesn't exist. Important When you receive this type of bounce notification, you should immediately remove the recipient's email address from your mailing list. Sending messages to addresses that don't exist can have a negative impact on your reputation as a sender. If you continue sending email to addresses that don't exist, we might pause your ability to send additional email. |
Permanent | Suppressed | The recipient's email address is on the Amazon SES suppression list because it has a recent history of producing hard bounces. To override the global suppression list |
Permanent | OnAccountSuppressionList | Amazon SES has suppressed sending to this address This does not count toward your bounce rate metric. |
Transient | General | The recipient's email provider sent a general bounce message. You might be able to send a message to the same recipient in the future if the issue that caused the message to bounce is resolved. Note If you send an email to a recipient who has an active automatic response rule (such as an "out of the office" message), you might receive this type of notification. Even though the response has a notification type of |
Transient | MailboxFull | The recipient's email provider sent a bounce message because the recipient's inbox was full. You might be able to send to the same recipient in the future when the mailbox is no longer full. |
Transient | MessageTooLarge | The recipient's email provider sent a bounce message because message you sent was too large. You might be able to send a message to the same recipient if you reduce the size of the message. |
Transient | ContentRejected | The recipient's email provider sent a bounce message because the message you sent contains content that the provider doesn't allow. You might be able to send a message to the same recipient if you change the content of the message. |
Transient | AttachmentRejected | The recipient's email provider sent a bounce message because the message contained an unacceptable attachment. For example, some email providers may reject messages with attachments of a certain file type, or messages with very large attachments. You might be able to send a message to the same recipient if you remove or change the content of the attachment. |
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